Chesapeake City vs. Virginia Comparative Trends Analysis: Total Industry Earnings Growth and Change, 1969-2022 Introduction Chesapeake City: 2022 Earnings = $8,351,231K 2022 Percent of State = 2.03% Virginia: 2022 Earnings = $410,883,004K 2022 Percent of U.S. = 2.70% Industry earnings are incomes received by people who are directly involved with producing goods and services. Earnings, referred to also as "labor and proprietors income", include (1) wage and salary disbursements, (2) other labor income such as employer contributions to private retirement and medical insurance programs, and (3) the net incomes of proprietors (i.e., the owners of unincorporated enterprises). In contrast to the more frequently cited employment data, earnings data more accurately reflect qualitative differences in labor's contributions toward the production of goods and services, namely the productivity differences reflected in variations in earnings per job. Earnings data, therefore, are better for comparing and tracking long-term trends and identifying short-run shifts in the level and composition of economic activity within and among counties. Just like the employment data compiled by BEA, earnings data are reported on a place-of-work, or more accurately on a place-where-earned, basis. Note: the BEA earnings data presented and discussed here in the context of comparing and assessing the economic growth and performance of county and regional economies are entirely separate and apart from--and should not be confused with--corporate earnings, which are compiled from the balance sheets of individual private corporations. Chesapeake City Total Industry Earnings, 1970-2022 Current vs. Constant Dollars (Millions) Figure 1. Figure 1 depicts Chesapeake City's annual total industry earnings over 1970-2022 in current and constant (2017) dollars. Constant dollar measurements remove the effects of inflation. They allow for comparison of changes in the real purchasing power of Chesapeake City over time. When measured in current dollars, Chesapeake City's total industry earnings increased 6,210.01%, from $132M in 1970 to $8,351M in 2022. When measured in constant 2017 dollars to adjust for inflation, it advanced 974.80%, from $670M in 1970 to $7,197M in 2022. Real Total Industry Earnings, 1969-2022 (Millions) Figure 2. Figure 2 traces Chesapeake City's and Virginia's annual real total industry earnings for the period 1969-2022 to illustrate real total industry earnings patterns over time. During this 54-year period, Chesapeake City's real total industry earnings rose from $644M in 1969 to $7,197M in 2022, for a net gain of $6,552M, or 1,017.20%. In comparison, Virginia's real total industry earnings increased from $73,551M in 1969 to $354,078M in 2022, for a net gain of $280,527M, or 381.41%. Real Total Industry Earnings Indices (1969=100): 1969-2022 Figure 3. Figure 3 shows Chesapeake City's real total industry earnings growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with Virginia, the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's real total industry earnings in 1969 as a base figure of 100, and the real total industry earningss in later years as a percentage of the 1969 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in real total industry earnings growth between regions that may differ vastly in size. Chesapeake City's overall real total industry earnings growth was 1,017.20% over 1969-2022 outpaced Virginia's increase of 381.41%, and outpaced the United States' increase of 278.59%. Total Industry Earnings as a Percent of the Virginia Total: 1969-2022 Figure 4. Another interesting and insightful way of highlighting the total industry earnings growth of Chesapeake City is to trace its individual percentage contributions to Virginia's statewide total industry earnings over time, as shown in Figure 4. A rising share means a region's total industry earnings grew faster, or declined less, than Virginia's total industry earnings, while a declining share shows it grew more slowly. In 1969, Chesapeake City's total industry earnings comprised 0.88% of Virginia's total industry earnings, while in 2022 it totaled 2.03% thereby yielding a +1.16% share-shift.
Chesapeake City Real Total Industry Earnings: Annual Percent Change, 1970-2022 Figure 5. Figure 5 displays the short-run pattern of Chesapeake City's real total industry earnings growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1970-2022. The average annual percent change for the entire 53-year period is also traced on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average. On average, Chesapeake City's real total industry earnings grew at an annual rate of 4.73% over 1970-2022. The independent city posted its highest growth in 1986 (12.57%) and posted its lowest growth in 2008 (-1.91%). In 2022, Chesapeake City's real total industry earnings grew by 1.48% Chesapeake City Real Total Industry Earnings: Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2022 Figure 6. Over the past five decades some independent cities have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 6 again illustrates the annual percent change in Chesapeake City's real total industry earnings since 1970, but this time they are overlayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2022. During the 1970s, Chesapeake City's annual real total industry earnings growth rate averaged 5.19%. It averaged 6.65% during the 1980s, 7.23% throughout the 1990s, 3.73% during the 2000s, 1.41% in the 2010s, 2.86% thus far this decade (2020-2022). Real Total Industry Earnings Growth: Average Annual Percent Change by Decade Figure 7. Figure 7 compares the decade average growth rates for Chesapeake City noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for Virginia and the nation. As the chart reveals, Chesapeake City's average annual real total industry earnings growth exceeded Virginia's average throughout the 1970s (5.19% vs. 3.72%), outpaced Virginia's average in the 1980s (6.65% vs. 4.23%), topped Virginia's average throughout the 1990s (7.23% vs. 3.37%), recorded above Virginia's average throughout the 2000s (3.73% vs. 2.58%), trailed Virginia's average in the 2010s (1.41% vs. 1.69%), and led Virginia's average over the 3 year period of the current decade, 2020-2022 (2.86% vs. 1.71%). Finally, relative to nationwide real total industry earnings growth trends, Chesapeake City exceeded the nation in the 1970s (5.19% vs. 3.13%), led the nation over the 1980s (6.65% vs. 2.62%), recorded above the nation over the 1990s (7.23% vs. 3.43%), recorded above the nation over the 2000s (3.73% vs. 1.47%), trailed the nation over the 2010s (1.41% vs. 2.53%), and recorded above the nation over 2020-2022 (2.86% vs. 1.48%).
| Analysis Options Menu |