Highland County vs. Virginia
Comparative Trends Analysis:
Total Personal Income Growth and Change, 1969-2022
Introduction
Highland County vs. Virginia
Highland County:
2022 TPI = $116,156K
2022 Percent of State = 0.02%
Virginia:
2022 TPI = $599,041,951K
2022 Percent of U.S. = 2.75%
The annual total personal incomes (TPI) estimates compiled by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, (BEA) are among the most comprehensive, consistent, comparable and timely measures of economic activity available statewide and at the national levels. Personal income estimates are also the best available local level indicator of general purchasing power, and are therefore central to tracking and comparing county patterns of economic growth and change.
The following graphs highlight trends in the pattern of growth and change in the total personal income of Highland County and Virginia with comparison to the nation. The data used are those compiled by the Regional Income and Product Divisions of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. The 2017 constant dollar (real) estimates of total personal income reported in the tables and portrayed graphically below are determined using the Implicit Price Deflator for Personal Consumption.
Data Definition:
Personal income is the income received by persons from participation in production, plus transfer receipts from government and business, plus government interest (which is treated like a transfer receipt). It is defined as the sum of wages and salaries, supplements to wages and salaries, proprietors' income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment, personal dividend income, personal interest income, and personal current transfer receipts, less contributions for government social insurance. Because the personal income of an area represents the income that is received by, or on behalf of, all the persons who live in that area, and because the estimates of some components of personal income (wages and salaries, supplements to wages and salaries, and contributions for government social insurance) are made on a place-of-work basis, state personal income includes an adjustment for residence. The residence adjustment represents the net flow of compensation (less contributions for government social insurance) of interstate commuters.
Highland County Total Personal Income, 1970-2022
Current vs. Constant Dollars (Millions)
Highland County Total Personal Income, 1970-2022
Current vs. Constant Dollars (Millions)
Figure 1.
Figure 1 depicts Highland County's annual total personal income over 1970-2022 in current and constant (2017) dollars. Constant dollar measurements remove the effects of inflation. They allow for comparison of changes in the real purchasing power of Highland County over time.
When measured in current dollars, Highland County's total personal income increased 1,766.56%, from $6M in 1970 to $116M in 2022. When measured in constant 2017 dollars to adjust for inflation, it advanced 217.94%, from $31M in 1970 to $100M in 2022.
Real Total Personal Income, 1969-2022 (Millions)
Real Total Personal Income, 1969-2022 (Millions)
Figure 2.
Figure 2 tracks Highland County's and Virginia's annual real total personal income for the period 1969-2022 to illustrate real total personal income patterns over time. During this 54-year period, Highland County's real total personal income rose from $31M in 1969 to $100M in 2022, for a net gain of $69M, or 225.38%. In comparison, Virginia's real total personal income advanced from $94,517M in 1969 to $516,224M in 2022, for a net advance of $421,707M, or 446.17%.
Real Total Personal Income Indices (1969=100): 1969-2022
Real Total Personal Income Indices (1969=100): 1969-2022
Figure 3.
Figure 3 portrays Highland County's real total personal income growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with Virginia, the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's real total personal income in 1969 as a base figure of 100, and the real total personal incomes in later years as a percentage of the 1969 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in real total personal income growth between regions that may differ vastly in size.
Highland County's overall real total personal income growth was 225.38% over 1969-2022 trailed Virginia's increase of 446.17%, and fell below the United States' increase of 348.76%.
Total Personal Income as a Percent of the Virginia Total: 1969-2022
Total Personal Income as a Percent of the Virginia Total: 1969-2022
Figure 4.
Another interesting and insightful way of contrasting the total personal income growth of Highland County is to trace its individual percentage contributions to Virginia's statewide total personal income over time, as shown in Figure 4. A rising share means a region's total personal income grew faster, or declined less, than Virginia's total personal income, while a declining share shows it grew more slowly.
In 1969, Highland County's total personal income comprised 0.03% of Virginia's total personal income, while in 2022 it equated to 0.02% thereby yielding a -0.01% share-shift.
   
 
Total Personal Income Share-Shift
2022 vs. 1969
 
Share-
Shift*
 
2022
vs.
1969
-0.01%
=
0.02%
-
0.03%
 
   
Highland County Real Total Personal Income:
Annual Percent Change, 1970-2022
Highland County Real Total Personal Income:
Annual Percent Change, 1970-2022
Figure 5.
Figure 5 highlights the short-run pattern of Highland County's real total personal income growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1970-2022. The average annual percent change for the entire 53-year period is also traced on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average.
On average, Highland County's real total personal income grew at an annual rate of 2.55% over 1970-2022. The county recorded its highest growth in 1978 (26.41%) and recorded its lowest growth in 1981 (-19.11%). In 2022, Highland County's real total personal income grew by 1.09%
Highland County Real Total Personal Income:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2022
Highland County Real Total Personal Income:
Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1970-2022
Figure 6.
Over the past five decades some counties have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 6 again illustrates the annual percent change in Highland County's real total personal income since 1970, but this time they are displayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2022.
During the 1970s, Highland County's annual real total personal income growth rate averaged 7.46%. It averaged 1.68% in the 1980s, 1.42% during the 1990s, 1.21% in the 2000s, 0.88% throughout the 2010s, 2.88% thus far this decade (2020-2022).
Real Total Personal Income Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Real Total Personal Income Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change by Decade
Figure 7.
Figure 7 compares the decade average growth rates for Highland County noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for Virginia and the nation. As the chart reveals, Highland County's average annual real total personal income growth outgained Virginia's average throughout the 1970s (7.46% vs. 4.24%), lagged Virginia's average in the 1980s (1.68% vs. 4.19%), amounted to less than Virginia's average throughout the 1990s (1.42% vs. 3.30%), recorded under Virginia's average in the 2000s (1.21% vs. 2.85%), trailed Virginia's average throughout the 2010s (0.88% vs. 2.13%), and surpassed Virginia's average over the 3 year period of the current decade, 2020-2022 (2.88% vs. 2.18%).
Finally, relative to nationwide real total personal income growth trends, Highland County topped the nation in the 1970s (7.46% vs. 3.50%), fell below the nation in the 1980s (1.68% vs. 3.16%), trailed the nation in the 1990s (1.42% vs. 3.27%), fell under the nation during the 2000s (1.21% vs. 2.06%), fell under the nation during the 2010s (0.88% vs. 2.72%), and outpaced the nation over 2020-2022 (2.88% vs. 2.10%).
   
 
Real* Total Personal Income Growth:
Average Annual Percent Change
 
 
 
2.55
7.46
1.68
1.42
1.21
0.88
2.88
1.09
 
3.28
4.24
4.19
3.30
2.85
2.13
2.18
-2.76
 
2.89
3.50
3.16
3.27
2.06
2.72
2.10
-4.19
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
Highland County:
Total Personal Income, 1969-2022
 
1969
 
5,809
0.189
30,763
100.0
N
0.03
1970
 
6,223
0.198
31,483
102.3
2.34
0.03
1971
 
6,456
0.206
31,332
101.8
-0.48
0.03
1972
 
7,333
0.213
34,414
111.9
9.84
0.03
1973
 
8,617
0.225
38,375
124.7
11.51
0.03
1974
 
8,549
0.248
34,482
112.1
-10.14
0.03
1975
 
9,452
0.269
35,190
114.4
2.05
0.03
1976
 
10,124
0.283
35,732
116.2
1.54
0.03
1977
 
11,492
0.302
38,083
123.8
6.58
0.03
1978
 
15,538
0.323
48,141
156.5
26.41
0.03
1979
 
21,147
0.351
60,174
195.6
25.00
0.04
1980
 
19,098
0.389
49,060
159.5
-18.47
0.03
1981
 
16,832
0.424
39,684
129.0
-19.11
0.03
1982
 
20,077
0.448
44,844
145.8
13.00
0.03
1983
 
25,192
0.467
53,972
175.4
20.36
0.03
1984
 
28,908
0.484
59,679
194.0
10.57
0.04
1985
 
28,463
0.501
56,781
184.6
-4.86
0.03
1986
 
28,363
0.512
55,376
180.0
-2.47
0.03
1987
 
30,316
0.528
57,414
186.6
3.68
0.03
1988
 
33,608
0.549
61,256
199.1
6.69
0.03
1989
 
37,678
0.573
65,800
213.9
7.42
0.03
1990
 
40,069
0.598
67,033
217.9
1.87
0.03
1991
 
43,252
0.618
70,017
227.6
4.45
0.03
1992
 
45,264
0.634
71,372
232.0
1.94
0.03
1993
 
47,545
0.650
73,146
237.8
2.49
0.03
1994
 
48,895
0.664
73,686
239.5
0.74
0.03
1995
 
50,387
0.678
74,368
241.7
0.93
0.03
1996
 
51,505
0.692
74,426
241.9
0.08
0.03
1997
 
53,750
0.704
76,342
248.2
2.57
0.03
1998
 
52,610
0.710
74,133
241.0
-2.89
0.03
1999
 
54,477
0.720
75,661
245.9
2.06
0.03
2000
 
58,953
0.738
79,858
259.6
5.55
0.03
2001
 
64,728
0.753
85,958
279.4
7.64
0.03
2002
 
65,040
0.763
85,253
277.1
-0.82
0.03
2003
 
66,214
0.779
85,005
276.3
-0.29
0.02
2004
 
69,099
0.798
86,561
281.4
1.83
0.02
2005
 
67,714
0.821
82,450
268.0
-4.75
0.02
2006
 
67,170
0.844
79,548
258.6
-3.52
0.02
2007
 
68,171
0.866
78,713
255.9
-1.05
0.02
2008
 
74,549
0.892
83,603
271.8
6.21
0.02
2009
 
75,326
0.889
84,711
275.4
1.33
0.02
2010
 
75,413
0.905
83,316
270.8
-1.65
0.02
2011
 
82,054
0.928
88,416
287.4
6.12
0.02
2012
 
83,119
0.945
87,925
285.8
-0.56
0.02
2013
 
81,070
0.958
84,641
275.1
-3.73
0.02
2014
 
87,646
0.971
90,244
293.4
6.62
0.02
2015
 
88,003
0.973
90,446
294.0
0.22
0.02
2016
 
87,665
0.983
89,196
289.9
-1.38
0.02
2017
 
92,842
1.000
92,842
301.8
4.09
0.02
2018
 
93,011
1.020
91,145
296.3
-1.83
0.02
2019
 
95,184
1.035
91,954
298.9
0.89
0.02
2020
 
99,320
1.046
94,920
308.6
3.23
0.02
2021
 
107,929
1.090
99,017
321.9
4.32
0.02
2022
 
116,156
1.160
100,097
325.4
1.09
0.02
Source: Calculations by the Virginia Regional Economic Analysis Project (VA-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_CA1400_300_PSN
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
Virginia:
Total Personal Income, 1969-2022
 
1969
 
17,847,652
0.189
94,517,036
100.0
N
2.26
1970
 
19,371,643
0.198
98,004,872
103.7
3.69
2.26
1971
 
21,410,967
0.206
103,911,512
109.9
6.03
2.32
1972
 
23,764,172
0.213
111,526,995
118.0
7.33
2.34
1973
 
26,612,710
0.225
118,515,743
125.4
6.27
2.35
1974
 
29,489,590
0.248
118,943,210
125.8
0.36
2.37
1975
 
32,379,775
0.269
120,550,168
127.5
1.35
2.38
1976
 
35,770,824
0.283
126,251,452
133.6
4.73
2.39
1977
 
39,631,200
0.302
131,333,510
139.0
4.03
2.40
1978
 
44,990,392
0.323
139,392,713
147.5
6.14
2.42
1979
 
50,186,344
0.351
142,806,089
151.1
2.45
2.42
1980
 
56,746,086
0.389
145,771,902
154.2
2.08
2.45
1981
 
63,651,263
0.424
150,067,813
158.8
2.95
2.46
1982
 
68,805,226
0.448
153,682,576
162.6
2.41
2.48
1983
 
74,253,831
0.467
159,083,535
168.3
3.51
2.50
1984
 
82,549,774
0.484
170,420,062
180.3
7.13
2.52
1985
 
89,269,129
0.501
178,082,367
188.4
4.50
2.54
1986
 
96,310,281
0.512
188,036,239
198.9
5.59
2.59
1987
 
103,737,724
0.528
196,465,520
207.9
4.48
2.64
1988
 
113,855,750
0.549
207,519,821
219.6
5.63
2.67
1989
 
123,151,152
0.573
215,069,859
227.5
3.64
2.67
1990
 
129,561,607
0.598
216,748,820
229.3
0.78
2.65
1991
 
135,175,978
0.618
218,823,418
231.5
0.96
2.66
1992
 
143,616,852
0.634
226,453,567
239.6
3.49
2.66
1993
 
150,892,451
0.650
232,142,232
245.6
2.51
2.67
1994
 
158,792,705
0.664
239,304,215
253.2
3.09
2.68
1995
 
166,843,936
0.678
246,249,573
260.5
2.90
2.66
1996
 
175,083,774
0.692
253,000,266
267.7
2.74
2.63
1997
 
186,626,604
0.704
265,068,252
280.4
4.77
2.64
1998
 
199,883,611
0.710
281,657,124
298.0
6.26
2.64
1999
 
214,025,699
0.720
297,253,787
314.5
5.54
2.68
2000
 
231,869,839
0.738
314,093,142
332.3
5.66
2.69
2001
 
244,314,338
0.753
324,446,015
343.3
3.30
2.72
2002
 
251,357,721
0.763
329,472,311
348.6
1.55
2.75
2003
 
266,325,205
0.779
341,907,214
361.7
3.77
2.81
2004
 
284,687,272
0.798
356,630,303
377.3
4.31
2.84
2005
 
303,288,897
0.821
369,292,555
390.7
3.55
2.88
2006
 
323,553,839
0.844
383,176,029
405.4
3.76
2.87
2007
 
341,200,328
0.866
393,963,915
416.8
2.82
2.86
2008
 
355,506,371
0.892
398,683,830
421.8
1.20
2.86
2009
 
349,465,380
0.889
393,006,579
415.8
-1.42
2.90
2010
 
364,677,930
0.905
402,896,712
426.3
2.52
2.91
2011
 
385,635,146
0.928
415,537,203
439.6
3.14
2.90
2012
 
402,072,097
0.945
425,320,093
450.0
2.35
2.89
2013
 
398,579,782
0.958
416,136,585
440.3
-2.16
2.83
2014
 
414,710,067
0.971
427,003,498
451.8
2.61
2.81
2015
 
433,088,249
0.973
445,110,689
470.9
4.24
2.80
2016
 
444,691,432
0.983
452,455,570
478.7
1.65
2.80
2017
 
462,372,199
1.000
462,372,199
489.2
2.19
2.78
2018
 
479,766,611
1.020
470,142,788
497.4
1.68
2.74
2019
 
501,811,571
1.035
484,781,207
512.9
3.11
2.74
2020
 
530,920,445
1.046
507,402,346
536.8
4.67
2.71
2021
 
578,639,738
1.090
530,857,275
561.7
4.62
2.70
2022
 
599,041,951
1.160
516,224,116
546.2
-2.76
2.75
Source: Calculations by the Virginia Regional Economic Analysis Project (VA-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_CA1400_300_PSN
 
   

Interactive TableTip: To augment your analysis click on the column headers in the following table to rank and/or sort the data.

   
 
United States:
Total Personal Income, 1969-2022
 
1969
 
791,229,000
0.189
4,190,165,758
100.0
N
1970
 
855,525,000
0.198
4,328,265,709
103.3
3.30
1971
 
924,613,000
0.206
4,487,323,465
107.1
3.67
1972
 
1,016,408,000
0.213
4,770,076,966
113.8
6.30
1973
 
1,133,468,000
0.225
5,047,731,018
120.5
5.82
1974
 
1,244,912,000
0.248
5,021,223,733
119.8
-0.53
1975
 
1,362,505,000
0.269
5,072,617,275
121.1
1.02
1976
 
1,495,704,000
0.283
5,279,017,400
126.0
4.07
1977
 
1,651,632,000
0.302
5,473,329,799
130.6
3.68
1978
 
1,855,849,000
0.323
5,749,934,936
137.2
5.05
1979
 
2,073,296,000
0.351
5,899,598,782
140.8
2.60
1980
 
2,313,972,000
0.389
5,944,235,512
141.9
0.76
1981
 
2,590,995,000
0.424
6,108,676,176
145.8
2.77
1982
 
2,777,640,000
0.448
6,204,105,336
148.1
1.56
1983
 
2,969,333,000
0.467
6,361,584,112
151.8
2.54
1984
 
3,275,415,000
0.484
6,761,937,695
161.4
6.29
1985
 
3,508,482,000
0.501
6,999,046,441
167.0
3.51
1986
 
3,717,756,000
0.512
7,258,548,586
173.2
3.71
1987
 
3,931,800,000
0.528
7,446,308,852
177.7
2.59
1988
 
4,264,433,000
0.549
7,772,592,728
185.5
4.38
1989
 
4,605,107,000
0.573
8,042,309,775
191.9
3.47
1990
 
4,897,332,000
0.598
8,192,943,538
195.5
1.87
1991
 
5,072,291,000
0.618
8,211,045,100
196.0
0.22
1992
 
5,406,546,000
0.634
8,524,985,809
203.5
3.82
1993
 
5,643,648,000
0.650
8,682,535,385
207.2
1.85
1994
 
5,933,938,000
0.664
8,942,579,420
213.4
3.00
1995
 
6,278,125,000
0.678
9,266,058,093
221.1
3.62
1996
 
6,660,854,000
0.692
9,625,094,288
229.7
3.87
1997
 
7,068,422,000
0.704
10,039,373,926
239.6
4.30
1998
 
7,584,003,000
0.710
10,686,661,406
255.0
6.45
1999
 
7,978,449,000
0.720
11,081,025,264
264.5
3.69
2000
 
8,620,234,000
0.738
11,677,052,911
278.7
5.38
2001
 
8,990,104,000
0.753
11,938,732,039
284.9
2.24
2002
 
9,146,700,000
0.763
11,989,225,466
286.1
0.42
2003
 
9,474,684,000
0.779
12,163,560,736
290.3
1.45
2004
 
10,008,929,000
0.798
12,538,275,270
299.2
3.08
2005
 
10,540,800,000
0.821
12,834,755,927
306.3
2.36
2006
 
11,291,446,000
0.844
13,372,153,008
319.1
4.19
2007
 
11,925,044,000
0.866
13,769,145,681
328.6
2.97
2008
 
12,423,410,000
0.892
13,932,275,429
332.5
1.18
2009
 
12,058,253,000
0.889
13,560,635,845
323.6
-2.67
2010
 
12,547,501,000
0.905
13,862,497,514
330.8
2.23
2011
 
13,299,818,000
0.928
14,331,082,712
342.0
3.38
2012
 
13,905,749,000
0.945
14,709,785,897
351.1
2.64
2013
 
14,063,283,000
0.958
14,682,748,144
350.4
-0.18
2014
 
14,778,160,000
0.971
15,216,235,418
363.1
3.63
2015
 
15,467,113,000
0.973
15,896,476,839
379.4
4.47
2016
 
15,884,741,000
0.983
16,162,082,333
385.7
1.67
2017
 
16,658,962,000
1.000
16,658,962,000
397.6
3.07
2018
 
17,514,402,000
1.020
17,163,073,878
409.6
3.03
2019
 
18,343,601,000
1.035
17,721,060,157
422.9
3.25
2020
 
19,609,985,000
1.046
18,741,324,605
447.3
5.76
2021
 
21,392,812,000
1.090
19,626,252,970
468.4
4.72
2022
 
21,820,248,000
1.160
18,803,588,325
448.8
-4.19
Source: Calculations by the Virginia Regional Economic Analysis Project (VA-REAP)
with data provided by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis
November 2023
REAP_PI_CA1400_300_PN
 
   
Analysis Options Menu
Primary: Highland
Secondary: Virginia
Select Alternative Regions
Copyright © 2023. Pacific Northwest Regional Economic Analysis Project (PNREAP). All Rights Reserved.

Please stay tuned...
while your request is processing:

Please wait while your request is being processed...
To offer the most comprehensive set of interactive options in support of your research, VA-REAP calculates and crunches most of the data and generates the narrative and graphic analysis on demand in response to your request.
Your request will soon be available.
Just a few more seconds....Your request has been generated and is now loading the results.